septo-hippocampo-septal loop and memory formation

the cholinergic and gabaergic .bers of the medial septal/diagonal band of broca (ms/db) area project to the hippocampus and constitute the septo-hippocampal pathway, which has been proven to play a role in learning and memory. in addition, the hippocampus has bidirectional connections with the septum so that to self-regulate of cholinergic input. the activity of septal and hippocampal neurons is modulated by several neurotransmitter systems including glutamatergic neurons from the entorhinal cortex, serotonergic .bers from the raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area (vta), histaminergic cells from the tuberomammillary nucleus and adrenergic .bers from the locus coeruleus (lc). thus, changes in the glutamatergic, serotonergic and other systems- mediated transmission in the ms/db may in.uence cholinergic or gabaergic transmission in the hippocampus.